腦海裡鈴聲響不停?當心手機幻聽症
林耿立醫師 導讀
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松德身心科診所
林耿立醫生呼籲~~重視"厭食症"病人
今日新聞提及~國3女罹厭食症 40公斤餓到剩26公斤猝死
林耿立醫生表示"厭食症"為各類精神疾病死亡率最高的類別
家屬務必更加重視厭食症病人的日常飲食表現
松德身心科診所 關心您
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林耿立醫生應美商北京明德醫院之邀
預計至北京開設特別門診提供中英台語服務
初期規劃
自2013年11或12月起每月將有一週於美商北京明德醫院看診
林醫生北京駐診期間
大陸華北地區台商可就近至北京看診(明德醫院設施/服務皆很完善)
同時段林醫生亦可接受遠距諮商(需事先預約)
松德身心科診所
分析不同失眠類型 透過心理諮商技巧找出失眠根源 才能安穩睡個好覺
林萃芬諮商心理師
案例:
32歲的李小姐婚前開朗活潑,每天上床倒頭就睡,很少嚐到失眠的滋味。然而,結婚以後,由於嫁入大家庭又進入家族事業工作,李小姐一方面要面對錯綜複雜的人際關係,另方面要求完美的個性讓她事必躬親,以致開始睡不好。還沒完全適應新婚生活,緊接著她又忙於迎接新生命的到來,初為人母的她極度緊張焦慮深怕沒把孩子照顧好,常常夜裡不斷驚醒查看孩子的狀況。老二出生後因體弱多病,李小姐更是提心吊膽,時刻注意孩子有沒有發生什麼意外。當媽媽後她便為失眠所苦,長期睡不好讓她變得暴躁易怒、缺乏耐心,常常莫名想哭,雖然有求助醫師的協助,現在孩子長大了,但仍無法擺脫失眠的折磨。
3月21日是世界睡眠日,根據最新的調查數據顯示,台灣目前大約每五個人就有一人為失眠所苦。令人關心的是,何以台灣失眠人數與日俱增?
中華民國諮商心理師公會全聯會發言人林萃芬諮商心理師表示,失眠議題除了生理的因素外,也跟社會變遷、工作壓力、生活型態、感情問題息息相關。特別是女性失眠的人數比男性高出很多,一般女性失眠的類型有下面幾種:一是當了媽媽之後警覺性提高,隨時注意孩子的狀況,深怕自己睡得太熟會忽略孩子的動靜。二是人際關係衝突緊繃,例如先生外遇出軌,或與家人爭吵不合,都會嚴重影響睡眠品質。三是另一伴有打呼症狀,被吵到無法入睡的亦大有人在。四是個性過度憂慮或是太要求完美,躺在床上反覆自我檢討,越想越難入睡。
林萃芬諮商心理師說明,失眠有長期與短期之分,長期失眠的狀況包括,夜晚從事耗費腦力的工作,例如設計或創作,久而久之變成夜貓子。或是在24小時的機構工作,或是上夜班,長期以往睡眠品質跟著下降。還有在外租屋或受限於空間太過狹小,習慣在床上打電腦、看電視、吃東西,導致睡眠時間越拖越晚。
至於短期性失眠,林萃芬諮商心理師舉例,像是處在不熟悉的環境中,如出差住旅館有些人會因恐懼不安而無法成眠。也有些人是因為考試、工作、業績壓力太大而引發焦慮性失眠。
長時間投入睡眠紓壓的林萃芬諮商心理師指出,短期失眠如果置之不理,有時候也會演變成長期失眠,很多長期失眠的人只要一想到睡覺,就會擔心自己睡不著,結果形成惡性循環,睡眠本身就是最大的壓力源。
林萃芬建議,想要安穩睡個好覺,不妨多管齊下,一方面檢查是否為生理因素造成,另方面可以求助身心科醫師開立適合的藥物。同時也可以透過心理諮商的技巧找出失眠的根源,舉例來說,要讓警覺性太高的媽媽在睡眠時稍微解除警報,首先要降低媽媽的擔心,再帶領媽媽從頭到腳練習睡眠放鬆的技巧。而為感情所苦的女性,可以藉由感情諮商重新探索經營親密關係,當心靈安定了,睡眠自然也安穩了。
至於過度憂慮的失眠者,則可運用心律呼吸法讓混亂的思緒暫停,才能夠進入夢鄉。林萃芬建議,倘若失眠是肇因於過往的創傷或遺憾,很多失眠者會做反覆的惡夢,這個時候亦可透過「夢工作隱喻治療」,進入失眠者的潛意識找出深藏的傷痛進行治療,當心靈創傷修復了,失眠的症狀可能亦隨之改善。如果是因焦慮壓力引發的失眠,可使用HRV情緒儀了解身心狀況、掌握焦慮的來源,進而採取有效放鬆的方式提高睡眠品質。睡眠好壞可說是心理健康的重要指標,睡得好自然遠離憂鬱焦慮,更有能能量面對生活。
為了讓忙碌上班族能方便就診
林耿立醫生特別於大安區宏恩醫院開設午間失眠門診
時段:每週二11:00~13:00
地址:宏恩醫院(北市仁愛路四段 61 號)
醫院位於捷運忠孝復興/忠孝敦化間
備註:宏恩醫院交通參考
http://country.org.tw/about_traffic.php
松德精神科診所/黃惠琪醫師
失智症自我檢測表
1. 我記不起來最近發生的事件… □很少□有時□經常
2. 我有困難找到正確的字眼來表達…□很少□有時□經常
3. 我有困難記得今天的日期以及是星期幾…
□很少□有時□經常
4. 我會忘記東西通常放在哪裡… □很少□有時□經常
5. 我很難去適應日常例行活動的變動…
□很少□有時□經常
6. 我很難了解雜誌、報紙上的文章,或是
跟上書本、電視上的故事… □很少□有時□經常
7. 和人說話時,我有困難跟上或是參與對
話,在團體中更明顯… □很少□有時□經常
8. 我無法處理財務,像銀行的事或是算錢找零…
□很少□有時□經常
9. 我對於其他日常事務感到困難,像是記得親友
上回來訪時間或是烹煮我以前拿手的菜…
□很少□有時□經常
10.我一向喜歡的活動,現在我失去興趣…
□很少□有時□經常
11.我有困難思考解決問題…
□很少□有時□經常
12.家人或是朋友曾說我記憶不好…
□很少□有時□經常
Influence of interpersonal problems on the relationship between attachment styles and social skills in Borderline Personality disorder
Jin-Jia Pan1(潘金嘉), Geng-Li Lin2 M.D. (林耿立醫師)
Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Germany1
Song De Psychiatry Clinic, Taipei2
Background:
The literature on the relationship between attachment style and patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) has been the subject of controversy and few attempts have so far been made at exploring the role of interpersonal problems between the causality of attachment styles and social skills in patients with BPD. The objective of this research was to examine whether interpersonal problems mediated links between attachment styles and social skills in BPD. Furthermore, this research also was to explore if the bias of interpersonal problems in BPD could predict inadequate social skills.
Methods:
29 BPD outpatients (19female, 10male) and 65 control subjects completed Relationship Questionnaire, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, Social Skills Inventory, and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems Circumplex Scales. Moreover, a total of 94 significant others (29 from outpatients, and 65 from healthy subjects) were also recruited in this study to assess subject’s interpersonal problems. Independent samples t-test was conducted to compare all variables in two groups and examine the difference between self-report and other-report interpersonal problems. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to test (a) the relationship between the difference of interpersonal problems and social skills, and (b) the mediation effect of interpersonal problems between attachment styles and social skills in BPD.
Results:
Three important findings were found in this study. Finding 1: The majority of control people had secure attachment styles, while many borderline patients ’attachment styles were insecure. Patients’ scores on social sensibility (SS) were significantly higher than controls and scores on emotional awareness and emotional expression (EAEE) were lower than controls. In terms of interpersonal problems, borderline people described themselves more domineering, vindictive, cold, exploitable, intrusive and nonassertive than normal people. Compared to other-report interpersonal problems in controls, significant others appraised borderline people more vindictive and more socially avoidant. Finding 2: The result of the relationship between the difference of interpersonal problems and social skills indicated that domineering, vindictive, and nonassertive as predictors could significantly negatively predict social awareness and social expression (SASE) respectively; moreover, exploitable as predictor significantly positively predicted SS. Finding3: (1)Preoccupied attachment style had significant predicting power over social sensibility in BPD. (2) Intrusive had full mediation effect between preoccupied attachment style and social sensibility in BPD.
Conclusions:
The results suggest evidence for potential interpersonal mechanism of development of BPD, which was meaningful for understanding the psychopathology of BPD and helpful for application of psychological intervention. Furthermore, several limitations have to be considered in interpreting results, for example, small sample size, borderline outpatients without considering the comorbidity of other personality disorders, the limit of cross sectional study, etc.
Key words: Borderline personality disorder, attachment styles, interpersonal problems, social skills
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